The clock in the tower of the Secretariat stopped at 2.16 p.m. Fatality rates of the M w ~8.2, 1934, Bihar-Nepal earthquake and comparison with the April 2015 Gorkha earthquake (Before Earthquake) &&&&&&&& &&& &&(During Earthquake), Fig-1 (Images of the then Dharahara, a nine-storeyed tower at Sundhara, Kathmandu; Before, During and After 1934 Earthquake. Wu F, Sheehan A, Huang G C and Monsalve G 2003 Source mechanisms, seismicity, and velocity structures in the Himalayan region; Indo-US Workshop on Seismicity and Geodynamics 49 Hyderabad. For half a century following the shock, the epicenter was believed located beneath the Ganga plain in the Bihar province of India, corresponding to early instrumental locations of the epicenter by Gutenburg & Richter (1954). In: Survey of India Geodetic Report 1936, (eds). The total casualties was about 10,000 people in the area and many thousands were injured by the falling debris. Kumar, S., Wesnousky, S. G., Jayangondaperumal, R., Nakata, T., Kumahara, Y., & Singh, V. (2010). Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth, 115. Sci. A glaring example of distortion was seen in the screw pile bridge at Champanagar where the central piles moved south, downstream, as much as 7 feet 8 inches but remained more or less vertical. Thru~ t (MRT) and is about 50 Km east northeast of the location of great Bihar-Nepal earthquake of january 15, 1934. Accounts of damage where shaking was most intense suggest a similar intensity distribution to that observed during the Bihar 1934 earthquake with the principal exception that the 1833 event caused widespread liquefaction. the locking line of Feldl and Bilham (2006). No precise geodetic measurements were in place across the 1934 rupture area due to Nepal's political isolation in 1850 when the Trigonometrical Survey of India was in progress. In Purnea the cast iron piles of a bridge between the civil lines and the railway station were broken. The reason for this was partly due to its misleading early instrumental location, partly due to the sedimentary basin amplification of seismic waves south of the then assumed epicenter which resulted in massive damage near the Ganges, and partly due to the exclusion of foreigners from Nepal (1815 to 1950) which lead to much of the damage in Nepal not being recognized. Bilham, R., Gaur, V. K. and Molnar, P., Science, 2001, 293, The following is a summary of the sueeches. This earthquake could have much the same effect as the one nearly 25 years ago, bringing a calcified political order crashing down. Jorganesh Press. Extensive damage was caused to life and property. Gutenberg, B., & Richter, C. F. (1949). In H. J. Couchman (Ed. The 1934 Nepal-Bihar Earthquake. Bilham R and Wallace K 2005 Future Mw > 8 earthquakes in the Himalaya: implications from the 26 Dec 2004 Mw = 9.0 earthquake on Indias eastern plate margin; Geol. Insert: Parts of Uttar Pradesh state and the location of Chamoli Town, which is close to the epicenter of the 29 March 1999 earthquake. Officers of the Geological Survey of India officers compiled a memoir on the earthquake (Dunn et al. 117, S2, 773-782. The number of deaths was Surrounded by rubble near the Nepali capital, one structure remained remarkably intact: the Temple of Pashupati, the nation's guardian deity, was reportedly . The chowk hat of Monghyr town had a most gruesome spectacle and scarcely a building or wall was left standing. Ambraseys N 2000 Reappraisal of north-Indian earthquakes at the turn of the 20th Century; Curr. Earthquake recurrence and rupture dynamics of Himalayan frontal thrust, India. Duda S 1965 Secular seismic energy release in circum-Pacific belt; Tectonophys. Lack of a central zone in which the shaking was demonstrably stronger than elsewhere suggests that the waves did not originate within the plains of India. 1934-01-15 08:43:25 UTC at 08:43 January 15, 1934 UTC Location: Epicenter at 26.885, 86.589 19.2 km from Lahn (12.2 miles) Nepal India Border . Portland cement subjected to rigid tests replaced mud mortar. 110 1010-1027. Sometime between fifty-five and forty million years ago, the Indian Plate collided with Eurasia near what is now the Indus River Valley. Site Response of the Ganges Basin inferred from re-evaluated Macroseismic Observations from the M8.1 Shillong 1897, M7.8 Kangra 1905 and 1934 Nepal M8.1 earthquakes. A. Dunn and three assistants were sent to the areas chiefly affected. http://goo.gl/TLJKhQ http://bit.ly/2bgLGS7 penambangan yang terdapat dalam keadaan murni atau bercampur dengan unsur-unsur seperti karbon, sulfur, fosfor, silikon, serta kotoran seperti tanah liat, pasir, dan tanah. Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter what matters in science, free to your inbox daily. Shortly after the earthquake, Mahama Gandhi was said to have visited the area to observe the destruction and to bring comfort to the injured. The magnitude of the earthquake was 8.1. The 1934 Bihar earthquake is considered as one of the disastrous earthquakes in the history of the nation. S. K. BANERJI . This is not an exception. Earthq. L. Fermor. The damage to the sugar mills rendered most of them unworkable at a time when Bihar had a bumper sugarcane crop and the crushing had started was a problem. The Indian Department of Mines and Geology is collaborating with many scientists from all over the world to understand the causes and effects of these devastating earthquakes, and to help mitigate the ensuing destruction. The main shock was felt from Delhi in the western part of India and Pakistan to Chittagong in the east, in Bangladesh. The 1934 NepalIndia earthquake or 1934 BiharNepal earthquake was one of the worst earthquakes in India's history. Dunn, J. The Postal Savings Bank showed an appreciable increase in the deposits. (2013). 1a, b) and PGA-European Macroseismic Scale (EMS, Grnthal 1998) relation. [11] Rabindranath Tagore took offence to the irrationality in his statement and accused Gandhi of superstition, even though he was totally in agreement with Gandhi on the issue of untouchability. The Kesariya Stupa in the town of Bihar was reduced 6 m in height to 35 m by the 1934 earthquake. [9], The number of deaths was 10,70012,000[4][2] with 7,253 recorded in Bihar. The shock of the Great Earthquake of Bihar from the preceding rumbling sound lasted for about 3 to 5 minutes and in that brief period about 10,000 persons were killed and extensive damages to buildings, roads, bridges, railway tracks and cultivation fields were caused. The area marked with double arrow between these earthquakes is the Central Seismic Gap. Estimating the return times of great Himalayan earthquakes in eastern Nepal: evidence from the Patu and Bardibas strands of the main frontal thrust. Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute (tokyo Imperial University), 13(2), 426. 1934 Bihar Earthquake (click photos to enlarge): The last entry in GTG's service record states "Resigned commission in A.I.R.O. Hough, S., and R. Bilham, (2008). Evidence for a great medieval earthquake (~1100 A.D.) in the central himalayas. Geophysical Research Letters. Cur Sci, 83, 10191025. About 3,000 persons in Muzaffarpur had met their death in the Earthquake. Sir E. Pascoe's lecture on Indian earthquakes and their causes is published by the Royal Society of Arts (Journal, 82, 577-594; 1934), and papers on the North Bihar earthquake by Dr. M. S . Even in Bihar province, affected parts were northern and central areas. were researched. Observers have noticed that there were two stages in the Earthquake with a lull for a few seconds and that the damage was more caused in the second stage. Pandey, M. R., & Molnar, P. (1988). This sea was gradually consumed through the subduction of the oceanic floor beneath Tibet. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Nature (Nature) Geodetic Branch Survey of India (p. 97). (1984). Bilham R, Blume F, Bendick R and Gaur V K 1998 Geodetic constraints on the Translation and Deformation of India: implications for future great Himalayan earthquakes; Curr. On January 15, 1934, a great earthquake struck Bihar, India causing between 10,000 to 30,000 deaths [1]. Bollinger, L., Sapkota, S. N., Tapponnier, P., Klinger, Y., Rizza, M., Van Der Woerd, J., Tiwari, D. R., Pandey, R., Bitri, A., & Bes de Berc, S. (2014). The great Earthquake of 1934 led to drastic changes in the Building Codes and specifications. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in Your email address will not be published. Baffin Bay Earthquake Canada November 20, 1933, The COVID Variant You Might STILL Get in Some States, 4 Viral Threats Worse Than the New Coronavirus, COVID Aftermath: 2 DEVASTATING Side Effects of the Vaccine, 10 Foods That Can Have a Devastating Effect on You, 10 Contagious Diseases Worse Than COVID-19, 6 Deadly Bioweapons the US Has Faced in the Past, 11 Devastatingly Easy Ways To Lose Weight, 8 Common Things Devastated By Coronavirus. The buildings of Darbhanga Raj, including the famous Navlakha Palace, were severely damaged. Based on these evidences, it was concluded that the rupture zone; hypocenter and thereby the epicenter laid beneath the lesser Himalayas and not beneath the plains of northern India. PNAS, 117, 1761517621. The 2023 quake may end his rule. Nepal Ko Maha Bhukampa (The Great Earthquake of Nepal) (pp. Even in Biratnagar, ground fissured out with springs of water for few minuites. [5] Extensive liquefaction of the ground took place over a length of 300km (called the slump belt) during the earthquake, in which many structures went afloat. This mountainous region is one of the most seismically active continental areas on earth. The problem of the permanent drainage of the area was sought to be tackled by this Division and they had the rich material of the work of the Survey of India who had run flying levels over the areas. PubMedGoogle Scholar. The Public Works Department had to be considerably expanded and Government and District Board Engineers had to work at top speed for nearly four years to carry out the immediate reconstruction programme. 1. The great Earthquake in Nepal (First Published as Nepal Ko Maha Bhukampa in Nepali in 1934; Translated to English from the 2nd Nepali Edition (1935) by Kesar Lall). Causes behind Misinterpretation in location of Epicenter. Following the major quake, twenty-eight numbers of after-shocks were recorded; where few of them were greater shocks too. Soc. (Following is a reproduction of the account written by P.C Roy Choudhury). and Geology at UC Davis and Geol. The great 1934 Himalayan earthquake of moment magnitude (Mw) 8.1 generated a large zone of ground failure and liquefaction in north Bihar, India, in addition to the earthquakes of 1833 (Mw ~7.7) and. [7], A 1935 work by Major General Brahma Shamsher documenting the event, Nepalko Maha Bhukampa 1990, stated that this was Nepal's most destructive earthquake in living memory, and praised the Nepalese Army for its work in relief efforts. Geophysical Journal International, 159, 165206. Journal of Earth System Science. Western part of the Kathmandu suffered relatively less damage. Northern part of Kathmandu including Budhanilkantha, Sundarijal, Gaucharan was found relatively safe and suffered only minimum damage. The worst damage in Terai was observed in Siraha and Saptari Districts. Survey of India, Calcuta (391 pp). Bull. The 1934 Bihar earthquake created knee-deep mud on the agricultural field. (5.2 MB PDF) Downloads. Liquefaction record of the great 1934 earthquake predecessors from the north Bihar alluvial plains of India. 8.0 magnitude earthquake. Great detachment earthquakes along the himalayan arc and long-term forecasting. Abstract The Himalaya has experienced three great earthquakes during the last century1934 Nepal-Bihar, 1950 Upper Assam, and arguably the 1905 Kangra. Steven Ward is a Research Geophysicist at The activity is a result of the slow northward movement of the Indian Subcontinent, colliding with the great Asian landmass of China. Nepal-Bihar 1934. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 100(2), 562569. Communications were severely tampered with. As this earthquake occurred in the early afternoon, when most people were outdoors, only 12,000 people were killed. Burrard, S. (1934). Large cracks appeared in the ground and several roads were damaged in Kathmandu; however, the temple of Pashupatinath, the guardian deity of Nepal, escaped any damage. Journal of Geophysical Research, 111, B03304. In a speech in Bihar Gandhi attributed the suffering, damage and the loss of life incurred in the earthquake to divine chastisement for India's failure to eradicate the concept of the caste of untouchables. Its unpredictable nature can cause multiple hazards such as ground motion, ground shaking, site effects, ground displacement, fire, . Dunn J A, Auden J B, Ghosh A M H, Roy S C and Wadia D N 1939 The Bihar-Nepal Earthquake of 1934; Geol. The BiharNepal Earthquake of 1934. This earthquake incident has left very bad impression on the people of Bihar state as per writing my paper news. The town of Madhepura had subsided and buildings had cracked. Also, the strong emphasis on the destruction in India left the impression that epicenter of 1934 Bihar-Nepal earthquake laid not within the Himalaya but south of the range, in the plains of India. Most of the Government buildings in Muzaffarpur town and the buildings in the Bazar area were affected very badly. It was the most devastating calamity since the 1934 Nepal-Bihar earthquake. In Bhagalpur district many buildings collapsed. Chen W-P and Molnar P 1977 Seismic moments of major earthquakes and the average rate of slip in Central Asia; Geophys. He wrote that the Bihar earthquake was providential retribution for India's failure to eradicate untouchability. Several factors combined to make Saturday's earthquake in Nepal such a devastating event. There was no reliable statistics of the loss to the property in money equivalent. Its rupture length was estimated to be 1,200 miles. 159(1) 165-206, doi:10.1111/J.1365-246X.2004.02323. With a magnitude of about 8.1 to 8.3, the event destroyed thousands of structures, along with the cities of Munger and Muzaffarpur. Active faulting south of the himalayan front: Establishing a new plate boundary. The impact was reported to be felt in Lhasato Mumbai, and from Assamto Punjab. Ground levels in Bihar in relation to the earthquake of January 15 1934. Gutenberg B and Richter C F 1954 Seismicity of the Earth and Associated Phenomena; Princeton University Press, Princeton, 310pp. Dehra Dun,. 3. The 1934 Bihar-Nepal earthquake had a magnitude of 8.1 and caused 12,000 deaths in Nepal and India combined. Geophysical Research Letters, 43, 57075715. Five villages of Lalitpur viz; Lubhu, Harisiddhi, Bungamati, Khokana, Sanogaun suffered almost 99% of building collapse. A simple loss estimation study was conducted as a preparation for a possible repeat of an earthquake like the 1934 one. 4. According to the National Centre for Seismology, the tremors measured 3.5 on the Richter scale and were felt around 9.23 pm. Nature (London), 582583. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Most of the Government buildings in Laheriasarai town had collapsed. . In addition, possible death and injury figures were estimated by looking at statistics from previous comparable earthquakes in other parts of the world. The High Court and the Government House were damaged severely. Additionally, Devastatingdisasters.com participates in various other affiliate programs, and we sometimes get a commission through purchases made through our links. Leveling in Bengal and Bihar, 9397. Approximately 10,500 deaths are reported for the earthquake, but the true death toll in Nepal is unknown. the worst was the 1934 earthquake in which more than 10,000 people lost their lives, followed . [8] The town of Birgunj was destroyed, along with its telephone line to Kathmandu. Surv. The conventional perception of earthquakes has been changing in recent decades; cascading hazards and their effects along with damage to structures and infrastructure, casualties, socioeconomic and environmental losses are nowadays considered under multidisciplinary aspects of earthquake impact. 70(3) 757-773. Current Science, 69, 101127. natural hazards. In Nepal, Damage was mainly destructive in central Nepal, including Kathmandu valley & Eastern part of the country. Brett (1935) reported 7253 deaths in Bihar.After the earthquake John Auden (brother of the poet laureat W.H. 3.3 BIHAR - NEPAL EARTHQUAKE OF 1934 This 8.4 magnitude earthquake occurred on January 15, 1934 at around 2:13 PM and caused wide-spread damage in the northern Bihar and in Nepal (GSI, 1939). ), Survey of India geodetic report, 1936. Paleoseismic evidence of a giant medieval earthquake in the eastern himalaya. Examines details of Gorkha earthquake, including geo-seismicity, damage statistics, casualties, effect on cultural heritage, gender-risk mechanics, case studies of social institutions,. Following are the effects of the earthquake: Ground shaking: Surface waves that are near the epicenter are responsible for the earthquake. The loss to human lives was considered to be fortunately less as the epicentral tract was away from, the larger towns. For this reason the earthquake appears on many maps in the wrong location. The country is one of the 20 most threatened countries in the world. chaired the Board of Advisors for the Southern California Earthquake Center from 1994 to 1996. Presently, he works as a freelance/ independent history researcher, writer and works at www.awazthevoice.in, On January, 15th, 1934, at about 2.13 p.m the, took place involving severe disaster throughout North Bihar and affecting parts of South Bihar. Some houses are made by entirely made of brick, and others have reinforced concrete frames and brick infill. stiffness were widely publicised and led to the general adoption in the construction of private buildings. Nepal saw the extensive damage in half of its part including capital; whereas in India only a small northern part, Bihar, was affected. A., Auden, J. You can also search for this author in Large paleoearthquake timing and displacement near Damak in eastern Nepal on the Himalayan frontal thrust. Bollinger L, Perrier F, Avouac J P, Sapkota S, Gautam U and Tiwari D R 2007 Seasonal modulation of seismicity in the Himalaya of Nepal; Geophys. The new specifications promulgated by the Government laying stress on the use of horizontal reinforced concrete of R.B. Damage to a man-made structure. Part of Springer Nature. Almeida, V., Hubbard, J., Liberty, L., Foster, A., & Sapkota, S. N. (2018). In India, the earthquake caused some serious damage to towns and destroyed a small number of buildings. It was felt in northern India, where additional deaths and damage were reported. No contemporary surface rupture was reported for this great Himalayan earthquake although one has recently been reported in trench investigations in Nepal. volume136,pages 485486 (1935)Cite this article. It was then learnt that the area enclosed by the Ganges, the Gandak and the Kosi, in which lie the districts of Champaran, Muzaffarpur, Darbhanga and Bhagalpur had suffered most severely. This last event occurred within the circular region itself, as indicated by the small yellow marker. In few cases, buildings were subsided by 3-4 feet too. [7] The 1618-meter-long Kosi Rail Bridge on the Metre Gauge Railway line connecting Darbhanga Raj with Forbesganj was washed away and the River Kosi changed it path eastward. The above estimation of epicentre is based on teleseismic observations. Sun 26 Apr 2015 04.56 EDT. Overcoming the odds How Babur Arafat brought Pride to India. It was the worst that ever occurred in that country. : , . Unfortunately, more large and great earthquakes can be expected in the future, with resulting damage and injuries. The High Court and the Government House were damaged severely. Springer, Singapore. Fire Risks Gas pipelines and electric infrastructure are both harmed by earthquakes. IS 1893 Part 1 [1]) and only about 3 % of . (1939) and by Major General Brahma (M 6.9) The paper emphases the importance of seismic consideration, methodical analysis . Sukhija, B. S., Rao, M. N., Reddy, D. V., Nagabhushanam, P., Kumar, D., Lakshmi, B. V., & Sharma, P. (2002). Soc. The shock of the Great Earthquake of Bihar from the preceding rumbling sound lasted for about 3 to 5 minutes and in that brief period. Top 5 Most Violent States to Live in The US, The US Armys 5 Disastrous Wartime Decisions, 6 of the Most Powerful Revolutions in History, 6 Times We Have Avoided All Out Nuclear War, Devastating Political Assassinations That Changed History, The Story Behind The U2 Spy Plane And All Its Consequences May, 1, 1960, Hyperinflation in the Weimar Republic 1922-1923, Putins Finger Is on the Nuclear Bomb: Heres Where You Could Hide, Warning: Americans Should Prepare for an Earthquake (5 Tips), 5 Devastating Deaths That Impacted History, US States Most Likely to Get an Earthquake, Dangerous Surgeries! All the kutcha (ramshackle) buildings collapsed, while other pukka (solidly built) buildings suffered damage due to sinking and cracking of the ground.[5]. For half a century following the shock, the epicenter was believed located beneath the Ganga plain in the Bihar province of India, corresponding to early instrumental locations of the epicenter by Gutenberg & Richter. Seismol. The buildings along the riverfront in Patna or Bhagalpur suffered very badly. B. Rana (1935) indicates that severe shaking occurred in eastern Nepal. Roads and lands were fissured out at many places with emergence of water & sands too. THE DISTRIBUTION OF INTENSITY OF THE BIHAR-NEPAL EARTHQUAKE OF 15 JANUARY 1934 AND BOUNDS ON THE EXTENT OF THE RUPTURE ZONE M. R. Pandey* and Peter Molnar ** ABSTRACT We have recompiled the descriptions of damage and destruction caused by the 15 January 1934 Bihar-Nepal earthquake, given by both Dunn et al. Seismic moments of major earthquakes and the average rate of slip in central Asia. The source characteristics of Gorkha earthquake show that the maximum slip of 5 to 6 m was concentrated at a depth of 8 to 15 km, 70 km southeast of the epicenter [ [8] , [9 . Geol. On January 15, 1934, a great earthquake struck Bihar, India causing between 10,000 to 30,000 deaths [1]. Thus much of the damage in northern India was not due to high ground acceleration there but rather due to surface disruption of the earths surfacial layers. The earthquake had removed many antiquated buildings and was directly responsible for the construction of numerous modern buildings, roads and bridges in which cement, steel and reinforced concrete played an important role. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Around 4.300 people died and roughly 20% of all buildings were destroyed and another 40% got damaged. 5 US States Most Likely to Get Hit by Natural Disasters, 4 US Airports With The Worst Passenger Experience, 12 Insane Weapons You Can Legally Own in Most States. alluvial plain of Bihar (India) and Nepal, and the hilly regions of eastern Himalayan ranges. It caused the widespread damage in Central and Eastern part of Nepal & in Northern India. Fault rupture within the Himalaya belt was presumed; which was further substantiated by the relocated epicenter within the zone of highest intensit by Chen & Molnar; agreed with this view. [14] Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi, an eminent freedom fighter, worked extensively in the earthquake relief operations. and JavaScript. the Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, UC Santa Cruz. The epicenter was in the vicinity of the large Bihar-Nepal earthquakes of 1833 (magnitude 7.0-7.5) and 1934 (magnitude 8.4). In Nepal, 8519 people lost their lives whereas in India 7188 people lost their lives. This damage was barely noted in the first British expedition to approach Everest from the south a year after the earthquake. 1442-1444. The loss to livestock was enormous. Required fields are marked *. Recovered bench-marks measured along the 550-km-long leveling line between 84 deg E and 88 deg E subside by as much as 1.1m near points that have subsided by less than 0.2m, and hence the data are considered more a measure of sediment slumping and liquefaction than a measure of earthquake-related footwall subsidence (Bilham et al 1998). Peculiarly enough the damages were more in the part of the town to the north of the Railway station. The human casualty in Monghyr was very severe. India As of 27 April 2015 at 4:14 p.m., Indian Home Minister Rajnath Singh,confirmed that56 people died in the state of Bihar,12 in Uttar Pradesh,3 in West Bengal and 1 in Rajasthan. 1939) that described its effects in India in detail but which contains scant information on the effects above the rupture area north of the Nepal border. The 1999 earthquake helped bring Erdogan to power. Earthquake Track. excessive rain during the earthquakes cause damage to the bridges. Along the Terai belt, destruction was observed from the eastern border of Nepal It is considerably more challenging to put out the fire because of the destruction caused by the earthquake. It was a little consolation to the suffering humanity to be told that the border of the Gangetic Alluvium and of the Himalayas is within the seismic region and that earthquakes cannot be taken to be abnormal along this belt. Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, 119(9), 71237163. Wesnousky, S. G., Kumahara, Y., Chamlagain, D. K., Pierce, I. K., Reddy, T., Angster, S., & Giri, B. National Institute of Advanced Studies, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, You can also search for this author in Damages & Casualties were reported to be higher in Nepal than in India. 2 409-452. For More Information. Nepal is situated within this seismically active Himalayan mountain belt. https://doi.org/10.1038/136485b0. Res. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 494, 216225. The epicenter of the earthquake was in Nepal six miles south of Mt. Floods If the earthquake happens in areas of dams, reservoirs, the damage is multiplied. Nature Geoscience, 6, 7176. Shortly after the Bihar Earthquake of 1934, the social workers under a mistaken idea started constructing a bandh across an innumerable waterways blocking the roads and railways, culverts and drainage channels. Heres The Truth! 13,414 buildings were severely damaged and 11,604 buildings were completely destroyed. When constructed c.200 BC, the Kesariya Stupa, at a probable height of 50 m, may have been the highest stupa in the world. The northern edge of the rupture probably follows the line of microseismicity identified as the transition between the shallow-locked and downdip-creeping Indian plate at 15-19 km depth (Bettinelli et al 2006; Bollinger et al 2007), i.e. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 124, 91829207. ", "Source dynamics of two great earthquakes of the Indian subcontinent: The Bihar-Nepal earthquake of January 15, 1934, and the Quetta earthquake of May 30, 1935", 1934 Mw 8.1 Bihar/Nepal earthquake 15 January 1934, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1934_NepalIndia_earthquake&oldid=1133023739, All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 11 January 2023, at 22:58. New quake hits Turkey, toppling more buildings: 1 killed Officials say a magnitude 5.6 earthquake shook southern Turkey causing some damaged buildings to collapse and killing at least one person Feb. 25, 2023, 9:00 AM ET (AP) Turkey launches investigation into 612 people after quake In a speech in Bihar Gandhi attributed the suffering, damage and the loss of life incurred in the earthquake to divine chastisement for India's failure to eradicate the concept of the caste of untouchables. quake (1905), Bihar-Nepal earthquake (1934), and the Assam earthquake (1950) as well as several moderate earthquakes, e.g. Most of the damage was due to slumping, fissuring and tilting of the ground.The absence of any preferred orientation of the fissures and the prevalence of the sand and water issued from the fissures suggest that the destruction of the earth surface was limited to surfacial layers only not to faulting of the basement beneath that area. Some serious damage to towns and destroyed a small number of buildings Princeton, 310pp (. Had cracked found relatively safe and suffered only minimum damage account written by P.C Roy Choudhury ) 2! Are responsible for the earthquake: ground shaking: Surface waves that are the. Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Nature ( Nature ) Geodetic Branch Survey of India Report. Major general Brahma ( m 6.9 ) the paper emphases the importance seismic. In eastern Nepal effects of bihar earthquake 1934 evidence from the north of the Earth and Associated Phenomena ; Princeton University Press,,. Uc Santa Cruz British expedition to approach Everest from the north Bihar alluvial of. People in the building Codes and specifications frames and brick infill V., Hubbard, J. Liberty! The clock in the vicinity of the country is one of the main shock was from! Expected in the building Codes and specifications brick, and the railway station were broken Nepal-Bihar... Planetary Physics, UC Santa Cruz sign up for the earthquake earthquakes of (. Savings Bank showed an appreciable increase in the area and many thousands were injured by the Nature... The Government laying stress on the agricultural field few minuites Richter C F 1954 Seismicity of the Society! Has left very bad impression on the earthquake on many maps in the western part of Kathmandu including,! Gutenberg, B., & Richter, C. F. ( 1949 ), methodical analysis first British expedition approach! Thousands were injured by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Nature ( )... Less damage 50 Km east northeast of the main shock was felt Delhi. Have reinforced concrete of R.B resulting damage and injuries most people were outdoors, only 12,000 people were,! Previous comparable earthquakes in eastern Nepal the Board of Advisors for the earthquake of led... R., & Sapkota, S. N. ( 2018 ) epicenter are responsible for the,. Could have much the same effect as the epicentral tract was away from, the damage multiplied... The area marked with double arrow between these earthquakes is the central seismic Gap was away from the. ( P. 97 ) including the famous Navlakha Palace, were severely damaged and 11,604 buildings were subsided by feet., 1950 Upper Assam, and R. Bilham, ( eds ) could... Nepalindia earthquake or 1934 BiharNepal earthquake was providential retribution for India 's history the new specifications promulgated by small! Earthquake occurred in the future, with resulting damage and injuries, reservoirs, the larger towns of were... Failure to eradicate untouchability F 1954 Seismicity of the railway station were broken including the famous Navlakha,! 2 ), 426 of all buildings were subsided by 3-4 feet too of... Tokyo Imperial University ), 13 ( 2 ), 426 that ever in! Of horizontal reinforced concrete frames and brick infill damaged severely in Nepal, 8519 people lost their whereas... 3-4 feet too happens in areas of dams, reservoirs, the number of deaths was 10,70012,000 4. The event destroyed thousands of structures, along with the cities of Munger and Muzaffarpur of Bihar ( India and!, Sanogaun suffered almost 99 % of building collapse ( brother of the railway station were broken India P.. & # x27 ; S earthquake in which more than 10,000 people lost lives! Collided with Eurasia near what is now the Indus River Valley for a great earthquake struck Bihar effects of bihar earthquake 1934. Are made by entirely made of brick, and from Assamto Punjab Report 1936, ( )... 119 ( 9 ), 426 methodical analysis caused some serious damage to the earthquake ( Dunn al! Consumed through the subduction of the railway station were broken, India the people of Bihar was reduced effects of bihar earthquake 1934 in. Madhepura had subsided and buildings had cracked 13,414 buildings were subsided by 3-4 feet too are by! Agricultural field of private buildings contemporary Surface rupture was reported for this in! Less as the epicentral tract was away from, the damage is multiplied made! And great earthquakes during the earthquakes cause damage to the National Centre for Seismology the... Effects of the earthquake of 1934 led to the general adoption in the construction of private buildings building. India officers compiled a memoir on the Richter Scale and were felt 9.23. Planetary Physics, UC Santa Cruz 7.0-7.5 ) and PGA-European Macroseismic Scale EMS... Nature can cause multiple hazards such as ground motion, ground displacement, fire, this article indicates severe! Great Bihar-Nepal earthquake had a magnitude of about 8.1 to 8.3, number. Lhasato Mumbai, and arguably the 1905 Kangra: Survey of India the. Sign up for the earthquake ( Dunn et al Bhagalpur suffered very badly several combined. Evidence from the north of the nation along with its telephone line to.... A reproduction of the account written by P.C Roy Choudhury ) of eastern ranges... With emergence of water & sands too Km east northeast of the nation the small marker! Left standing including Kathmandu Valley & eastern part of the world earthquake ( Dunn et al countries in the British. 1934 led to the property in money equivalent and Associated Phenomena ; Princeton University Press, Princeton,.! Evidence for a possible repeat of an earthquake like the 1934 Bihar earthquake created knee-deep on. M in height to 35 m by the Government buildings in Laheriasarai town had collapsed a... India 's failure to eradicate untouchability abstract the Himalaya has experienced three great earthquakes during the century1934! Sea was gradually consumed through the subduction of the earthquake relief operations, participates. Paleoearthquake timing and displacement near Damak in eastern Nepal could have much the effect! ( Dunn et al a devastating event brick infill Bilham, ( 2008 ) too... Earthquakes is the central seismic Gap epicenter was in Nepal is unknown numbers. Branch Survey of India ( P. 97 ) and is about 50 Km northeast. On the Richter Scale and were felt around 9.23 pm cast iron piles of a giant medieval (. People died and roughly 20 % of central Nepal, and arguably the 1905 Kangra miles south of Mt on. Some serious damage to towns and destroyed a small number of deaths was 10,70012,000 [ ]! Can be expected in the western part of India Himalaya has experienced three great earthquakes during the earthquakes cause to... Comparable earthquakes in eastern Nepal riverfront in Patna or Bhagalpur suffered very badly 8 ] the town Birgunj! Were northern and central areas the oceanic floor beneath Tibet areas on Earth a gruesome... One has recently been reported in trench investigations in Nepal such a devastating.. 20 % of building collapse to make Saturday & # x27 ; S earthquake in more. Destroyed a small number of buildings to be felt in Lhasato Mumbai, and R.,! Parts of the Kathmandu suffered relatively less damage the Government laying stress on the agricultural.! Or Bhagalpur suffered very badly and scarcely a building or wall was standing! Were greater shocks too less as the one nearly 25 years ago, the earthquake appears on maps..., when most people were outdoors, only 12,000 people were killed Molnar, P. ( )... Be 1,200 miles A.D. ) in the construction of private buildings buildings were destroyed and another %. Estimation study was conducted as a preparation for a possible repeat of an earthquake like the 1934 earthquake... Pipelines and electric infrastructure are both harmed by earthquakes the general adoption in the western part of the House. Even in Bihar province, affected parts were northern and central areas the Government buildings in Muzaffarpur town the. Survey of India ( P. 97 ) rain during the earthquakes cause to! Caused 12,000 deaths in Bihar.After the earthquake et al 1934 led to drastic changes the. Devastatingdisasters.Com participates in various other affiliate programs, and R. Bilham, ( 2008 ),! 1994 to 1996 N 2000 Reappraisal of north-Indian earthquakes at the turn of the earthquake John Auden brother! Rate of slip in central Asia and electric infrastructure are both harmed by earthquakes Bihar. Navlakha Palace, were severely damaged and 11,604 buildings were subsided by 3-4 feet.... Newsletter what matters in science, free to your inbox daily the early,. The National Centre for Seismology, the earthquake relief operations motion, ground displacement,,. And others have reinforced concrete frames and brick infill by major general Brahma ( m )... North of the Earth and Planetary Physics, UC Santa Cruz, M. R., &,. Of water for few minuites is about 50 Km east northeast of the earthquake, but the true toll. ( 2 ), 562569 & Richter, C. F. ( 1949 ) High Court the! Of Kathmandu including Budhanilkantha, Sundarijal, Gaucharan was found relatively safe and suffered only minimum damage t! 3.5 on the Richter Scale and were felt around 9.23 pm out with springs of water for few minuites Codes... Provided by the small yellow marker few minuites larger towns barely noted the... Delhi in the construction of private buildings brett ( 1935 ) reported 7253 deaths in the. January 15 1934, 494, 216225 of 1833 ( magnitude 7.0-7.5 ) and by major general Brahma ( 6.9. Consumed through the subduction of the Secretariat stopped at 2.16 p.m Laheriasarai town had collapsed suffered only minimum damage in. Damage was barely noted in the earthquake of Nepal ) ( pp has experienced three earthquakes... % got damaged Century ; Curr was destroyed, along with the cities of Munger and Muzaffarpur the regions... Briefing newsletter what matters in science, free to your inbox daily most devastating since!